Fig. 7: Surface microvilli release is directly linked to the T cell proliferation after TCR stimulation.

a Naive CD3⁺ T cells were treated with the indicated inhibitors for 1 h and surface morphology was imaged by SEM. The number of microvilli was quantified using ImageJ. p value was represented in the figure vs. DMSO treated. b PMS-labeled naive CD3⁺ T cells were stimulated with for 5 min sAb, washed, and treated with the indicated inhibitors for 1 h. PMS⁺ particles were quantitated by CytoFLEX (b, left). Cell division (b, right) and metabolic change (c) were determined at day 4 and 24 h post stimulation, respectively. Data represent the mean of three independent experiments ± SEM (a–c). p value was represented vs. NT (b, c). d Naive CD3⁺ T cells from either wild-type or LFA-1-KO mice were stained with PMS-green, TCRβ-Alexa488, or CTV and stimulated as in (b). The number of PMS⁺ particles and surface TCRβ were analyzed (Left). p-value was represented vs. wild-type NT. Representative histogram of TCRβ expression after stimulation and cell division at day 4 were presented (right). Data represent the mean of three independent experiments ± SEM. p value was represented vs. wild type NT. Statistics were performed using one-way ANOVA post hoc Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (a–d). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.