Fig. 5: Immuno-response of different treatment groups.

a Representative flow cytometric plots of the maturation of DCs in lymph nodes after treatment of each formulation (n = 3 mice). b Quantitative analysis of the matured DCs based on flow cytometric results in a (n = 3 mice). Statistical analysis was conducted by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s tests. ^**P < 0.01, ^****P < 0.0001. c Representative flow cytometric plots of the T cells in 4T1-bearing tumor tissue gating on CD3⁺ cells after treatment of each formulation (n = 3 mice). d, e Quantitative analysis of the CD3⁺CD8⁺ cytotoxic T cells and CD3⁺CD4⁺ helper T cells as a percentage of CD3⁺ lymphocytes based on flow cytometric results in c (n = 3 mice). Statistical analysis was conducted by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s tests. n.s. represents none of significance, ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001, ^****P < 0.0001. Quantitative analysis of cytokine expression levels of f IFN-γ, g TNF-α, and h IL-6 in serum of 4T1 tumor-bearing mice after treatment of each formulation (n = 3 mice). Statistical analysis was conducted by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s tests. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001. i Immunofluorescence staining of HMGB1 in nuclei (upper), CRT (middle), and CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells (lower) in tumor sections after treatment of each formulation. Nuclei (blue) were stained by Hoechst 33342. Scale bar, 100 μm. Quantitative analysis of HMGB1 expression in j nuclei and k CRT expression of tumor sections after treatment with each formulation (n = 6 samples). Statistical analysis was conducted by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s tests. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001. Data are presented as mean values ± SD. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.