Fig. 3: Synthesis of nitrogen fluxes over global natural terrestrial ecosystems.
The denitrification N loss at steady state was estimated as the product of the isotope-benchmarking based fdenit and total N losses that were assumed to be equal to the six sets of N inputs (atmospheric N deposition, biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), and rock N weathering; Supplementary Table 1). The error bars on the steady-state N fluxes are standard deviations derived from the six sets of N inputs (Supplementary Table 1). The N fluxes simulated by the Earth System Models (ESMs) were directly downloaded from CMIP6 (https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/search/cmip6/). The third group of N fluxes retain the ESMs’ N inputs and sinks, but use the isotope-benchmarking based fdenit to re-allocate the total N losses simulated by the ESMs. The error bars on the N fluxes are standard deviations across the 13 ESMs (Supplementary Table 6). Source data are provided in Source Data file.
