Fig. 3: Rubidium 3D MOT demonstration.
From: Photonic integrated beam delivery for a rubidium 3D magneto-optical trap
a View from a camera located on the side of the PICMOT setup. The side length of the glass cell is 20 mm. The trapping beams fluoresce as they propagate through the cell containing the atomic vapor. Inset: zoom-in of the MOT cloud (note some camera pixels are saturated). b Averaged absorption images of the MOT cloud after free-expansion over several times. c Squared cloud radius in the \(z\) (blue) and \(y\) (red) dimensions for squared TOF times \({t}^{2}\). The linear fits are for \({\sigma }_{{{{{{\rm{i}}}}}}}^{2}={\sigma }_{{{{{{\rm{i}}}}}},0}^{2}+\frac{{k}_{{{{{{\rm{B}}}}}}}{T}_{{{{{{\rm{i}}}}}}}}{m}{t}^{2}\), where \({\sigma }_{{{{{{\rm{i}}}}}}}\) is the Gaussian standard deviation of the cloud along an axis \((y,z)\), \({\sigma }_{{{{{{\rm{i}}}}}},0}\) is the initial width of the cloud, \({k}_{{{{{{\rm{B}}}}}}}\) is the Boltzmann constant, \(m\) is the mass of a single 87Rb atom, and \({T}_{{{{{{\rm{i}}}}}}}\) is the temperature along an axis.
