Fig. 5: Mechanism study of size separation.

a Calculated polydispersity index (PDI) of LNPs in different color layers formed in the pellet after centrifugation. The legend indicates the source images used in the image analysis. Calculation is presented in Supplementary Table 1. b DLS size distribution of LNPs in pellet and supernatant after centrifugation at 3800×g for 2 h. c Scheme of differential centrifugation. d Particle size (diameter) and PDI of supernatant after differential centrifugation with different RCF, first run with RCF of 600×g, second 2000×g, and third 3800×g, from DLS results. Error bars represent standard deviation based on the entire population (n = 3). e Scheme of centrifugation for different times. f Particle size (diameter) and PDI of supernatant after different centrifugation times, from DLS results. Error bars represent standard deviation based on the entire population (n = 3).