Fig. 4: Chemical composition analysis by XPS.

a, b XPS C 1s spectra of LIG and LIG@Cu₃HHTP₂ hybrids, respectively. c, d XPS O 1s spectra of LIG and LIG@Cu₃HHTP₂ hybrids, respectively. e XPS Cu 2p_3/2 spectra of LIG@Cu₃HHTP₂ hybrids. Source data are provided as a Source data file.