Fig. 1: Cfp1^d/d mice suffer from aberrant epithelial cell proliferation and complete failure of embryo implantation and decidualization.

a Representative photographs of uteri with IS (black arrowheads) in Cfp1^f/f and Cfp1^d/d mice on Day 5. n = 4 to 5 biologically independent samples per genotype. Data are presented as mean values with SD. Statistical analyses were performed using the unpaired Student’s t-tests. **p < 0.01. b Artificial decidualization responses in hormone primed Cfp1^f/f and Cfp1^d/d OVX mice. The decidual response was determined by the uterine weight of the oil-injected (black arrowheads)/non-injected uterine horn. n = 3 to 4 biologically independent samples per genotype. Data are presented as mean values with SD. Statistical analyses were performed using the unpaired Student’s t-tests. **p < 0.01. c Microscopic images of alkaline phosphatase staining of artificially decidualized Cfp1^f/f and Cfp1^d/d uteri. Scale bar, 100 µm. d Litter size of Cfp1^f/f and Cfp1^d/d female mice that were mated with fertile male mice for 8–10 weeks. The numbers above the bars indicate the number of mice with litter/total number of mice examined in each group. Data are presented as mean values with SD. Statistical analyses were performed using the unpaired Student’s t-tests. **p < 0.01. e–h Impairment of the embryo transport from the oviduct to the uterus in Cfp1^d/d female mice. Percentage graph (e) and microscopic images (g) of embryos recovered from uteri and/or oviducts in Cfp1^f/f and Cfp1^d/d mice on Day 4. Scale bar, 50 µm in (f). g Schematic image of Cfp1^d/d oviduct in the morning of Day 4. Representative histological images of Cfp1^d/d oviduct (ampulla and isthmus) where blastocysts were found even in the morning of Day 4. Scale bar, 50 µm. Figure was created with BioRender.com. h Experimental scheme of embryo transfer. i Representative photographs of uteri with IS (black arrowheads) in pseudopregnant Cfp1^f/f and Cfp1^d/d recipients after transferring wildtype blastocysts. Scale bars, 50 µm. Figure was created with BioRender.com. j, k Immunofluorescent staining of KI67 to examine uterine cell proliferation in Cfp1^f/f and Cfp1^d/d mice on Day 4. Scale bar, 50 µm. Bl blastocyst, S stroma, M muscle cells, E epithelium, GE glandular epithelium, LE luminal epithelium. n = 6 to 7 biologically independent samples per genotype. Data are presented as mean values with SD. Statistical analyses were performed using the unpaired Student’s t-tests. **p < 0.01.