Fig. 4: DN-PXL1 strongly suppressed the pollen wall defects caused by CLE19-OX.

a Relative expression of CLE19 in the inflorescences of various 35S::CLE19-FLAG and 35S::CLE19-FLAG/pPXL1::DN-PXL1 transgenic plants. The bars indicate the standard error of the mean (SEM) of three replicates. b Alexander-staining results of anthers from WT, 35S::CLE19-FLAG #11(C#11), 35S::CLE19-FLAG #16 (C#16), 35S::CLE19-FLAG #18 (C#18), 35S::CLE19-FLAG/pPXL1::DN-PXL1#3 (CDM#3), 35S::CLE19-FLAG/pPXL1::DN-PXL1#4 (CDM#3) plants. Bar = 100 μm. c SEM showing the two types of defective pollen exines in the 35S::CLE19-FLAG and 35S::CLE19-FLAG/pPXL1::DN-PXL1 transgenic plants, which we defined as moderate-C and severe-C, respectively. Bar = 6 μm for the upper images, and 3 μm for the lower (enlarged) images. Three times experiments were repeated with similar results. d Statistical analyses of the proportions of the five types of pollen grains in the WT, 35S::CLE19-FLAG, pPXL1::DN-PXL1 and 35S::CLE19-FLAG/pPXL1::DN-PXL1 transgenic anthers. e Proportion of CLE19-OX-like pollen grains in C#11, C#18, CDM#3, and CDM#4 in (d). f Proportion of DN-PXL1-like pollen in (d). The data in (d–f) are shown as the mean ± SD of three biological replicates. Each dot showed the result for one biological replicate. p values were calculated by t-test, two sided. g Relative expression of CYP98A8, CYP86C3, AT5G55320, UGT72E2, PAL4, AT1G76470 and ACOS5 in the WT and the two 35S::CLE19-FLAG/pPXL1::DN-PXL1 transgenic plants. Three biological replicates were performed. Each dot showed the result for one biological replicate. Data are shown as the mean ± SD. p values were calculated by Student’s t test, two sided.