Fig. 1: Intranasal immunization with 100 PFU Nsp1-K164A/H165A induces IgG and IgA. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Intranasal immunization with 100 PFU Nsp1-K164A/H165A induces IgG and IgA.

From: Intranasal or airborne transmission-mediated delivery of an attenuated SARS-CoV-2 protects Syrian hamsters against new variants

Fig. 1

a Genome organization of the attenuated SARS-CoV-2-ΔPRRA-ΔORF6-8-Nsp1K164A/H165A (abbreviated as Nsp1-K164A/H165A). The polybasic insert “PRRA” together with ORF6-8(green) were removed from the WA1/2020 genome. Locations of K164A/H165A within Nsp1 are indicated at the bottom left of the panel. b–h Hamster sera or nasal wash samples were collected at 14- and 30-days post-intranasal inoculation of 100 PFU Nsp1-K164A/H165A or WA1/2020 and then tested for binding to WA1-2020 receptor binding domain (RBD) by ELISA (b) and for neutralization against WA1/2020 (c). Samples from naïve hamsters were included as negative controls. d Secretory IgA levels in nasal wash samples (NW IgA) collected 30 DPI were measured by ELISA. *p = 0.0302. e–h Hamster sera of 30 DPI were measured for anti-Delta RBD IgG (e) and neutralization (f), for anti-Omicron BA.1 RBD IgG (g), and neutralization (h). Biologically independent samples for WA1/2020 (n = 13), Nsp1-K164A/H165A (n = 14), and naïve hamsters (n = 16) were used in a single independent experiment. Bar graphs indicate mean titers with standard deviations shown as error bars. Each solid circle indicates individual hamsters from a single experiment. Statistical differences were calculated using ordinary one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) in GraphPad Prism 9.4.0 with Tukey’s multiple comparisons tests. For statistical significance, *p < 0.05 and ****p < 0.0001. DPI days post-infection.

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