Fig. 3: Virtual lesion analysis results of the final model.

a Each block represents one brain region out of the 84 regions included in the final model. We grouped them into 10 large-scale functional networks. The color of the blocks indicates the difference in the prediction-outcome correlation between the full model and the reduced model after removing (i.e., virtually lesioning) the brain region from the model. Positive differences indicate that the region is important for the prediction. The boxes with red outlines show the regions with positive difference values across both independent test datasets. There were 21 important brain regions for the prediction. Note that the overall patterns of the region importance were similar across two independent test datasets (r = 0.628, p = 1e-10, two-sided, 95% CI [0.520, 0.956]). b The brain map shows the 21 brain regions important for the prediction across two test datasets. Mean difference values across two datasets were shown. The top three most important regions included the left inferior frontal gyrus (lIFG), right inferior temporal gyrus (rITG), and left cerebellum (lCb).