Table 3 Temporal association of excess mortality, by attributed cause, with deaths attributed to or associated with COVID-19
From: Attributed causes of excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in a south Indian city
Cause | Pearson correlation coefficient, \(\rho\) (95% uncertainty interval) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Deaths attributed to COVID-19 | Deaths among confirmed COVID-19 cases | |||||
All deaths | Deaths in healthcare facilities | Deaths in the community | All deaths | Deaths in healthcare facilities | Deaths in the community | |
Infections (other than COVID-19) and maternal diseases | ||||||
Lower respiratory tract infections | 0.52 (0.50, 0.54) | 0.56 (0.54, 0.58) | 0.09 (0.03, 0.15) | 0.59 (0.57, 0.61) | 0.61 (0.59, 0.63) | 0.17 (0.12, 0.22) |
Tuberculosis | −0.17 (−0.22, −0.12) | −0.04 (−0.09, 0.02) | −0.21 (−0.25, −0.17) | −0.10 (−0.15, −0.05) | −0.03 (−0.09, 0.02) | −0.11 (−0.16, −0.07) |
Diarrhea and gastrointestinal infections | 0.12 (0.08, 0.16) | −0.04 (−0.08, 0.01) | 0.14 (0.09, 0.17) | 0.18 (0.16, 0.20) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.05) | 0.18 (0.16, 0.20) |
Syphilis and other genitourinary diseases | 0.01 (−0.04, 0.05) | −0.12 (−0.18, −0.07) | 0.08 (0.03, 0.12) | 0.06 (0.01, 0.10) | −0.02 (−0.05, 0.01) | 0.08 (0.03, 0.13) |
Other infectious diseases | 0.08 (0.03, 0.13) | −0.09 (−0.17, −0.02) | 0.14 (0.10, 0.17) | 0.08 (0.03, 0.12) | −0.11 (−0.20, −0.03) | 0.14 (0.12, 0.16) |
Maternal and perinatal diseases | 0.04 (0.00, 0.08) | 0.02 (−0.01, 0.05) | 0.04 (−0.01, 0.09) | −0.01 (−0.07, 0.04) | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.03) | −0.02 (−0.10, 0.05) |
Total | 0.67 (0.66, 0.69) | −0.16 (−0.23, −0.09) | 0.69 (0.68, 0.70) | 0.55 (0.53, 0.56) | −0.19 (−0.27, −0.11) | 0.56 (0.55, 0.58) |
Noncommunicable diseases | ||||||
Cardiovascular/cerebrovascular conditions | 0.54 (0.53, 0.56) | −0.22 (−0.24, −0.19) | 0.64 (0.63, 0.65) | 0.52 (0.50, 0.52) | −0.09 (−0.12, −0.06) | 0.58 (0.57, 0.59) |
Chronic liver disease | −0.03 (−0.08, 0.02) | −0.07 (−0.11, −0.03) | 0.02 (−0.03, 0.08) | −0.03 (−0.09, 0.02) | −0.03 (−0.07, 0.01) | −0.02 (−0.08, 0.04) |
Cancer | 0.04 (0.02, 0.05) | −0.22 (−0.27, −0.17) | 0.08 (0.07, 0.10) | −0.11 (−0.13, −0.10) | −0.16 (−0.21, −0.10) | −0.09 (−0.11, −0.07) |
Diabetes mellitus | 0.35 (0.31, 0.39) | −0.15 (−0.20, −0.11) | 0.49 (0.46, 0.52) | 0.41 (0.37, 0.44) | −0.20 (−0.25, −0.16) | 0.59 (0.56, 0.62) |
Other noncommunicable diseases | −0.09 (−0.12, −0.06) | 0.03 (−0.03, 0.08) | −0.09 (−0.13, −0.06) | −0.20 (−0.24, −0.17) | −0.02 (−0.08, 0.04) | −0.20 (−0.24, −0.17) |
Total | 0.54 (0.53, 0.56) | −0.22 (−0.24, −0.19) | 0.64 (0.63, 0.65) | 0.52 (0.50, 0.52) | −0.09 (−0.12, −0.06) | 0.58 (0.57, 0.59) |
Injuries | ||||||
Unintentional | −0.31 (−0.35, −0.26) | −0.22 (−0.27, −0.17) | −0.26 (−0.31, −0.21) | −0.23 (−0.28, −0.19) | −0.13 (−0.17, −0.08) | −0.25 (−0.30, −0.20) |
Intentional (suicide, homicide) | −0.19 (−0.24, −0.14) | 0.01 (−0.05, 0.07) | −0.20 (−0.24, −0.15) | −0.19 (−0.24, −0.14) | 0.04 (−0.02, 0.09) | −0.20 (−0.25, −0.15) |
Total | −0.31 (−0.35, −0.26) | −0.22 (−0.27, −0.17) | −0.26 (−0.31, −0.21) | −0.23 (−0.28, −0.19) | −0.13 (−0.17, −0.08) | −0.25 (−0.30, −0.20) |
Other or unclassified causes | ||||||
Senility | 0.67 (0.66, 0.69) | −0.16 (−0.23, −0.09) | 0.69 (0.68, 0.70) | 0.55 (0.53, 0.56) | −0.19 (−0.27, −0.11) | 0.56 (0.55, 0.58) |
Other unclassified causes | 0.58 (0.58, 0.58) | 0.40 (0.39, 0.41) | 0.66 (0.65, 0.66) | 0.45 (0.44, 0.45) | 0.23 (0.22, 0.24) | 0.55 (0.55, 0.56) |
