Fig. 3: Electrolyte characterization.

a Overall electrochemical stability window of different electrolytes on Ti electrodes obtained by linear sweep voltammetry, with cyclic voltammograms of PTCDI||activated carbon and activated carbon||NaFeMnF in the modified electrolyte overlaid. b Cyclic voltammograms of PTCDI||NaFeMnF in the modified electrolyte. c The 1H NMR chemical shift in different solutions. d FTIR spectra of the OH stretching mode for different solutions. e Raman spectra of ClO4– stretching mode for different solutions. f Raman spectra of the C≡N stretching mode for different solutions. All characterizations were carried out at 25 °C.