Fig. 1: Overview of hydrogen usage and production in the model.
From: Endogenous learning for green hydrogen in a sector-coupled energy model for Europe
In most sectors, both the production and demand of hydrogen is endogenous. With the exception of the production of ammonia and steel in industry, for these sectors fixed hydrogen demands are specified for the respective reference year. For the transport sector, e.g. the share of internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles is predefined for each year (exogenous demand), and whether the fuel is of fossil or synthetic origin is optimised (endogenous supply).
