Fig. 5: Dynamic proteomic changes in cortical regions.

A UMAP plot showing the distribution of brain samples from cortical regions. B The number of the new proteins (top panel) and newly enriched biological processes (bottom panel) in the cortical regions (PFC, TL, PL, and V1) when comparing the adjacent stages. C The rate of abundance changes of total proteins (left panel) and synaptic proteins (right panel) between two adjacent stages. In panels (B) and (C), for the F50 vs F90 comparison, n = 9 subregions from three monkeys for PFC, TL, PL, and V1. For the F90 vs F120 comparison, n = 9, 27, 18, 9 subregions from three monkeys for PFC, TL, PL, and V1, respectively. For the F120 vs P3 comparison, n = 9, 81, 36, 9 from three monkeys for PFC, TL, PL, and V1, respectively. ns: p > 0.05, *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001, or ****: p < 0.0001. Data are presented as means ± SD. D Line chart showing the trend over the four stages of the proteins related to AD, ASD, MDD, PD, and SCZ, respectively (n = 3). The dot and error bar indicate the mean value and standard deviation, respectively. The solid line indicates that there is at least one significant difference between the two adjacent stages. The dashed line indicates no significant difference between any two adjacent stages. The p-values were calculated by two-sided Student’s t-test (B–D). PFC prefrontal cortex, TL temporal lobe, PL parietal lobe, V1 primary visual cortex, AD Alzheimer’s disease, ASD autism spectrum disorder, MDD major depressive disorder, PD Parkinson’s disease, SCZ schizophrenia. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.