Fig. 3: Carboxylesterase 2 (CES2/Ces2) antioxidant response to ROS in the presence of nanoparticles.
From: Antioxidant hepatic lipid metabolism can be promoted by orally administered inorganic nanoparticles
a Computational simulations of molecular docking of normal CES2/Ces2h or mutated CES2p.G193A/Ces2hp.G148A with cholesterol ester and ·OH. Blue stick: oxyanion hole; Green sticks: spatial configuration of ligands with·OH in the oxyan hole; Pink sticks: spatial configuration of ligands without ·OH in the oxyan hole; Black dashes: hydrogen-bond interactions. b In vitro catalytic activity and corresponding ·OH concentration changes of normal CES2/Ces2h or mutated CES2p.G193A/Ces2hp.G148A enzymes on catalyzing PNPB hydrolysis under different conditions. c Intracellular lipid fraction analysis of normal Ces2h or mutated Ces2hp.G148A hepatocyte cell lines upon treatments with TiO2, NaYF4, and Au nanoparticles, respectively. d Incorporation of [1-13C]oleate into cellular lipids. e–g Chase experiments evaluating the turnover of lipid species, including triglycerides (TG), cholesterol esters (CE), and phospholipids (PL). Statistics for the chase period were analyzed as a percentage of the pulse. The group setting was the same in (c–g) as indicated in (d). Different letters indicate the significant difference (P < 0.05) analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Data in (b–g) are presented as mean values ± SEM. n = 6. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
