Fig. 5: Integrative analysis of molecular, physiological, and morphological data of mouse motor cortex neurons.

a UMAP representation of the GW cell morphology space of the dendrites of 370 inhibitory neurons and 274 excitatory neurons from the mouse motor cortex profiled with Patch-seq by Scala et al.³⁸. The representation is colored by the neurotransmitter type (excitatory/inhibitory), the transcriptomic type, and the cortical layer of the cells, showing a large degree of localization of molecular and physiological features on the morphological space. b UMAP representation colored by the morphological cell populations defined by Louvain clustering. The medoid and average cell morphology (in boxes) are shown for each cell population. c Ternary plots showing the discrepancy between pairwise distances between cells in the morphology (M), transcriptomic (T), and electrophysiology (E) latent spaces for each transcriptomically defined population. The dendrites of ET excitatory neurons present a large degree of variability in their morphology which is not paralleled by consistent changes in their gene expression profile, whereas the dendrites of Lamp5⁺ GABAergic neurons present limited morphological variability in comparison to their gene expression profile. CT corticothalamic neurons, ET extratelecephalic neurons, IT intratelenchephalic neurons. d Top genes and electrophysiological features that are significantly associated with the morphological diversity of excitatory and inhibitory neurons according to their Laplacian score in the cell morphology space (FDR < 0.1). Most of the genes and electrophysiological features that are significantly associated with the morphological diversity of neurons are also associated with one or several t-types. The part of the UMAP corresponding to excitatory or inhibitory neurons is colored by the expression level and values of some of the significant genes and electrophysiological features, respectively. CPT: counts per thousand. e Morpho-transcriptomic trajectories computed by projecting the RNA velocity field in the cell morphology space. The morphology of several chandelier, basket, and Lamp5⁺ neurons along the trajectories is shown for reference.