Table 1 Clinical characteristics of participants at baseline

Characteristic	Cyclosporine-corticosteroids (N = 56)^a	Adalimumab-corticosteroids (N = 54)^a
Patient-level characteristic
Age, year	41.9 ± 12.1	38.7 ± 11.9
Female sex, no. (%)	28 (50.0)	23 (42.6)
BMI, kg/m²	24.0 ± 3.6	24.1 ± 4.9
Duration of disease, median (IQR), month	12.0 (1.8–31.5)	12.5 (2.5–34.5)
Disease phase, no. (%)
Early	14 (25.0)	13 (24.1)
Late	42 (75.0)	41 (75.9)
Systemic symptoms and signs, no. (%)
Headache	21 (37.5)	16 (29.6)
Neck stiffness	11 (19.6)	13 (24.1)
Vitiligo	6 (10.7)	9 (16.7)
Poliosis	19 (33.9)	18 (33.3)
Alopecia	13 (23.2)	19 (35.2)
Tinnitus	17 (30.4)	17 (31.5)
Hearing loss	15 (26.8)	12 (22.2)
EQ-5D score	0.766 ± 0.182	0.812 ± 0.141
VFQ-25 composite score	51.9 ± 24.5	58.4 ± 22.6
Daily prednisone at baseline, median (IQR), mg	20 (20–25)	20 (20–25)
Eye-level characteristic
No. of eyes assessed	112	108
BCVA ETDRS score, letter	67.5 ± 24.7	63.8 ± 24.0
Intraocular pressure, median (IQR), mmHg	16 (14–19)	17 (15–19)
Eye with retinal detachment, no./total no. (%)^b	31/111 (27.9)	18/102 (17.6)
Central macular thickness, median (IQR), μm^c	238.0 (202.5–281.5)	236.5 (204.8–278.5)
Visual field index, median (IQR), %^d	88.0 (73.8–95.3)	89.0 (66.0–95.0)
Mean deviation, median (IQR), dB^d	−7.6 (−13.0 to −4.3)	−8.6 (−16.9 to −4.9)
Pattern standard deviation, median (IQR), dB^d	3.2 (1.9–5.6)	3.3 (1.9–5.1)

BMI body mass index, IQR interquartile range, BCVA best-corrected visual acuity, ETDRS Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study, EQ-5D European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions, VFQ-25 Visual Functioning Questionnaire-25.
^aPlus-minus values are means ± SD.
^bRetinal detachment was assessed with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Two eyes from one patient did not undergo the OCT examination. Five eyes from three patients received the OCT examination, but the status of retinal detachment could not be accurately assessed.
^cCentral macular thickness was measured by OCT. Two eyes from one patient did not undergo the OCT examination. In addition, values of 25 eyes were not measured out by OCT.
^dValues of 7 eyes from five patients were not measured out by the examination of visual field due to low vision. The visual field index represents an overall parameter, ranging from 0% indicating perimetrically blindness to 100% indicating perimetrically normal field. The mean deviation represents the total amount of visual field loss, with normal values ranging from 0 to −2 dB. The pattern standard deviation represents the irregularity by adding the absolute values of differences between the threshold and the mean visual field sensitivity at each point.

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