Fig. 5: IL26+ cells differentiate into IL-17A-producing cells at the clone level.

a UMAP projection of the single-cell transcriptomes of nonlesional and lesional psoriatic skin CD4 T cells from two merged datasets colored according to the inferred pseudotime. b Dynamics of IL17A and IL26 gene expression in skin CD4 T cells over pseudotime. Solid lines show the expression average. c Venn diagram of the number of shared TCR clonotypes between CD4 T cells at early (<10), intermediate, and late (>15) pseudotime. d Sankey diagram of the shared TCR clonotypes between late IL17A⁺ CD4 T cells and early IL26⁺ or IL26⁻ CD4 T cells^. e UMAP projection of the single-cell transcriptomes of two different TCR clones colored according to the inferred pseudotime. f Percentages of IL26⁺ and IL17A⁺ cells among CD4⁺ T cells from healthy (HS), nonlesional (NL), and lesional (L) skin of atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis (PSO) patients. Data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. *p = 0.0181, **p = 0.0094, ****p < 0.0001. Data represent the mean ± SEM of 3 independent patient samples. g UMAP projection of the single-cell transcriptomes of dermal CD4 T cells from AD lesional skin colored according to the expression level of IL26 (green), and IL17A (red). h UMAP projection of the single-cell transcriptomes of dermal CD4 T cells as in (g) colored according to the inferred pseudotime. Solid lines are trajectories of gene expression changes learned by Monocle 3. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.