Fig. 3: Determination of dimer formation probability Pf.
a Dimer formation probability \({P}_{{{{{{\rm{f}}}}}}}\) with variations in holding separation rh, types of particles (SPS, CPS, and APS), and electrolytes (NaCl, LiCl, and CaCl2) at 10 mM concentration. The holding time was th = 180 s. The black solid line indicates that \(-\left\langle {F}_{{{{{{\rm{D}}}}}}-{{{{{\rm{I}}}}}}}\right\rangle=-\left\langle {F}_{{{{{{\rm{fit}}}}}}}\right\rangle\) in Fig. 2d. b Cumulative \({P}_{{{{{{\rm{f}}}}}}}\) depending on th. c Comparison of Pf when P1 was at the interface and P2 was in water with the case when all particles were in water at different NaCl concentrations.
