Fig. 3: Caudate is affected in PDD with concordant changes seen in blood. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Caudate is affected in PDD with concordant changes seen in blood.

From: Blood transcriptomic signatures associated with molecular changes in the brain and clinical outcomes in Parkinson’s disease

Fig. 3: Caudate is affected in PDD with concordant changes seen in blood.

a Volcano plot shows differentially expressed RNAs in PDD caudate (n = 16) compared to PD without dementia (PD) (n = 11). Only significantly (FDR <0.05) changed (absolute value of log2FC >0.1) RNAs (determined by moderated t-tests with multiple test corrections using limma) are colored according to direction. b Bubble plot shows representative top significant (FDR <0.05) GO terms from GSVA analysis in PDD caudate compared to PD. p values were determined by fgsea75, with multiple test correction using the Benjamini–Hochberg method. LDL low-density lipoprotein, ER endoplasmic reticulum, ADP adenosine diphosphate. c GSVA enrichment scores of select GO terms in controls, PD, and PDD. Controls (n = 40), PD (n = 11), PDD (n = 16). p values were determined by two-sided Wilcoxon tests. d Differentially changed RNAs in the PDD caudate show similar changes in expression levels in PD blood with worsening cognition as seen by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. Controls (n = 161), PD: MoCA 26-30 (n = 332), 23–25 (n = 96), 0–22 (n = 48). Only significant comparisons as determined by two-sided Wilcoxon tests are shown. Box plots show lower and upper hinges corresponding to the first and third quartiles (representing the 25th and 75th percentile, respectively). Whiskers extend from the hinge to the 1.5 × inter-quartile range. The center line indicates the median. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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