Fig. 3: Neurons expressing Tk are responsible for gated visual aversion but not for increased locomotion.
From: Threat gates visual aversion via theta activity in Tachykinergic neurons
a Brains of Tk-GAL41 > mCD8::GFP, Tk-GAL42 > mCD8::GFP, and Tk-GAL43 > mCD8::GFP (green) immunostained with anti-neuropil marker nc82 (blue). Scale bars: 25 um. Similar results were obtained across 4 independent samples. b Example time courses of the visual object’s angular position for +>TNT (effector control), Tk-GAL41 > TNT, Tk-GAL42 > TNT, Tk-GAL43 > TNT. For each genotype, results of all trials of an example fly were pooled. Lines and shaded areas represent means and SEM, respectively. c Puff-induced changes in the avoidance indices. N = 16, 21, 27, 19, for +>TNT, Tk-GAL41 > TNT, Tk-GAL42 > TNT, Tk-GAL43 > TNT, respectively. In this and following, box plots are generated so that center line indicates median, box limits indicate upper and lower quartiles, and whiskers indicate 1.5x interquartile range. *p < 0.05, n.s.: p > 0.05, two-tailed t-test followed by Benjamini–Hochberg correction. d Puff-induced changes in the probability of each behavior. N = 16, 21, 27, 19, for +>TNT, Tk-GAL41 > TNT, Tk-GAL42 > TNT, Tk-GAL43 > TNT, respectively. **p < 0.01, n.s.: p > 0.05, two-tailed t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test followed by Benjamini–Hochberg correction. e A schematic of photoactivation experiments. Red LED light was shined to the head of a fly to activate CsChrimson driven by Tk-GAL42. Each fly underwent 6 trials of “light -“ and “light +“ (3 trials each) in a randomized order. f Example time course of the visual object’s angular position for retinal - control group, retinal + test group, and retinal + group in the genetic background of ΔTk1/ΔTk2. For each group, results of all trials of an example fly were pooled. Lines and shaded areas represent means and SEM, respectively. g Light-induced changes in the avoidance indices. N = 35, 18, 21, for retinal -, retinal +, retinal + in the background of ΔTk1/ΔTk2, respectively. *p < 0.05, two-tailed t-test followed by Bonferroni correction. h Light-induced changes in the probability of each behavior. N = 35, 18, 21, for retinal -, retinal +, retinal + in the background of ΔTk1/ΔTk2, respectively. n.s.: p > 0.05, two-tailed t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test followed by Benjamini–Hochberg correction.
