Fig. 5: Tk-GAL42 ∩ Vglut neurons are activated by air puffs.
From: Threat gates visual aversion via theta activity in Tachykinergic neurons
a A schematic of the hypothesis. Scale bar: 15 um. b A schematic of the setup for calcium imaging. c Time course of the experiment. Each fly underwent 3–5 recordings. d Pseudocolour image of the fluorescent changes in soma of an example Tk-GAL42 ∩ Vglut neuron upon air puffs. Scale bars: 1 um. e Time course of the ΔF/F0 (%). In this and following h, j, lines and shaded regions represent means and SEM, respectively. N = 187 cells from 6 flies. f Calcium response evoked by puffs and visual stimulus. The maximal z-scored ΔF/F0 values after stimulus onset were averaged. Baseline represents ΔF/F0 of the frame immediately prior to stimulus onset. Lines represent medians. ***p < 0.001, n.s.: p > 0.05, two-tailed t-test or Wilcoxon signed rank test followed by Bonferroni correction. N = 329 cells from 11 flies. Results of “forward” schedule illustrated in c and “reverse” schedule in which air puffs and visual stimulus were presented in the reverse order were pooled. g a3 segment of both antennae were incapacitated by either gluing (“Glued”) or surgical removal (“Cut”). h Time courses of the ⊿F/F0 (%) for each group. N = 217, 96, 152 cells from 17, 8, 13 animals for “+“, “Glued”, “Cut”, respectively. i Peak ⊿F/F0 during air puffs from h. ***p < 0.001, two-tailed t-test followed by Bonferroni correction. Dots and error bars represent means and SEM. N = 217, 96, 152 cells from 17, 8, 13 animals for “+“, “Glued”, “Cut”, respectively. j Example time courses of the visual object’s angular position. Results of all trials of an example fly were pooled for each group. k Puff-induced changes in the avoidance indices. N = 14, 15, for a3 +, a3 cut, respectively. Box plots are generated so that center line indicates median, box limits indicate upper and lower quartiles, and whiskers indicate 1.5x interquartile range. *p < 0.05, n.s.: p > 0.05, two-tailed t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test followed by Bonferroni correction for each group, two-tailed Wilcoxon rank sum test for between-group comparison.
