Fig. 4: Distinct IR absorption for BiFeO3 nanocrystals with different topological structures.

a Schematic of experimental setup for IR absorption of BiFeO3 nanocrystals. b The different IR absorption spectrum for upward quad-domains (U-Q), downward quad-domains (D-Q) and Solomon rings (S). c–e OOP phase image for c S, d U-Q, and e D–Q. f–h IR absorption image and the corresponding line profile for c S, d U-Q, and e D–Q.