Fig. 4: Expression of GS in the life cycle of Plasmodia.

a Western analysis of GS expression in the lysates of Pf rings, trophozoites and schizonts. Equal number of rings (R), trophozoites (T) and schizonts (S) were used from 10 ml of tightly synchronized cultures. b Western analysis of GS expression in Pb parasite lysate. 50 μg of total protein was used. c Immunofluorescence analysis of GS expression in Pf and Pb rings (R), trophozoites (T) and schizonts (S). Scale bar = 5 μM. For a–c, n = 3 independent experiments. d GS activity in the parasite lysates of Pf and Pb. The activity (mean ± SD) was determined with respect to the total protein. n = 3 independent preparations. e Immunofluorescence analysis of GS expression in Pf gametocytes (Stage I-V). Scale bar = 5 μM. f Immunofluorescence analysis of GS expression in Pb gametocytes. Scale bar = 5 μM. g–i Immunofluorescence analysis of GS expression in Pb ookinete, oocyst and sporozoite, respectively. Scale bar for ookinete and sporozoite = 5 μM. Scale bar for oocyst = 20 μM. j, Immunofluorescence analysis of GS expression in Pb exo-erythrocytic stage. UIS4 antibody was used to identify the exo-erythrocytic stage. Scale bar = 20 μM. All the images were captured using 60x/100x objective. Oocyst image was captured using 20x objective. For e–j n = 2 independent experiments. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.