Fig. 4: Local spatial autocorrelation of completeness.

A comparison at two points in time for urban centers within a, b Europe & Central Asia and c, d Sub-Saharan Africa. Each urban center was classified according to whether its building completeness value was above (high) or below (low) the global mean and if the weighted mean across its neighbors was above or below the global mean. Based on this, four quadrants are defined: high-high (HH), low-high (LH), low-low (LL) and high-low (HL). High-high describes clusters of high completeness values, low-low describes clusters of low completeness values while low-high and high-low indicate spatial outliers in the sense that the completeness value of the urban area was unexpected in their neighborhood. Significance levels were adjusted for multiple testing. For each region and point in time we provide the Gini coefficient (G) and Moran’s I for the region shown in the sub-plot. Created using QGIS 3.28.3 (https://www.qgis.org/en/site/).