Fig. 3: Exercise alters the platelet proteomic signature in young and aged mice.

a Heatmap of platelet proteins significantly changed following 4 days of exercise in 8-week-old mice. b Volcano plots of quantified and differentially expressed proteins in the platelet lysate of 8-week-old (young) and 18-month-old (aged) mice following 4 days of running. Significantly upregulated proteins are labelled red (p < 0.05 and fold change >1.2) and significantly downregulated proteins are shown in blue (p < 0.05 and fold change < −1.2). Pairwise relative-abundance comparison using two-tailed t-tests. c Venn diagram showing the number of proteins significantly upregulated after 4 days of exercise in young and aged mice, including 5 proteins determined in both cohorts (p < 0.05 and fold change >1.2; pairwise relative-abundance comparison using two-tailed t-tests). d Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of significantly increased proteins in the platelet lysate of young and aged running mice (for 4 days) compared to standard-housed controls. Bar graphs show the top 10 significantly enriched GO terms for biological processes ranked by Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate-corrected p values. For a complete list of GO terms please see Supplementary Data 6 and 7. e Venn diagram showing the number of enriched biological processes following a GO analysis with proteins significantly increased after 4 days of exercise in young and aged mice (p < 0.05 and fold change >1.2; pairwise relative-abundance comparison using two-tailed t-tests). The box highlights some of the 61 biological processes that were enriched in both cohorts. f Neurogenesis- and neuronal development-related GO terms resulting from the GO enrichment analysis of significantly increased proteins in the platelet lysate of young running mice compared to standard-housed controls. Bar graphs show significantly enriched neurogenesis-related GO terms for biological processes ranked by Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate-corrected p values. STD standard-housing, RUN running, FC fold change. Source data are provided as Source Data file.