Fig. 2: PPSs interfacial assemblies for printing of a PEDOT:PSS aqueous dispersion in oil.
From: Liquid-in-liquid printing of 3D and mechanically tunable conductive hydrogels
a Schematic of the interfacial assembly of PPSs and the elastic films they form. b Equilibrium interfacial tension (IFT) versus pH showing the pH-dependent assembly of PPSs at the water/toluene interface, as well as the droplet morphology and its buckling behavior when the PEDOT:PSS dispersion is withdrawn. c Temporal evolution of IFT of PEDOT:PSS aqueous dispersions (0, 0.17, 0.25 and 0.5 mg mL−1) introduced to solutions of PDMS-NH2 in toluene (10 vol%), illustrating control over the rate of PPSs assembly at the liquid interface. d Suitable concentration profiles of PEDOT:PSS aqueous dispersion and PDMS-NH2 surfactant for liquid-in-liquid printing, showing the wide range of printing conditions. The scale bar is 500 µm. e Printing the PEDOT:PSS aqueous dispersion (10 mg mL−1) in silicone oil with various viscosities. The scale bar is 2 mm. f The mechanically robust PPSs assembly allows the liquid thread of pure PEDOT:PSS dispersion to hang in air. The scale bar is 1 cm.
