Fig. 1: Chirality at different length scales.
From: The emergence of three-dimensional chiral domain walls in polar vortices
a Bright-Field STEM image showing the trilayer stack of 16 STO/16 PTO/16 STO with SRO buffer layer on DSO substrate. The red regions near the center of the PTO layer indicate the position of the vortex core approximately. b (i) Vector mapping of the local displacements of A sites of highlighted region in (a) overlaid on HAADF-STEM image. The local red- and blue contrast at the center of the PTO layer indicates the local non-zero curl of displacement. b(i–ii) The net lateral polarization resulting from vortex off-centering is indicated at the top. c Dark field TEM image along [110]o direction displaying a long tubular vortex structure with domain walls shown as white dashed lines.
