Fig. 2: Behavioral results.
a Recognition performance for each participant quantified by hit rate and false alarm (FA) rate. Hit rates were reliably above FA rates (two-tailed paired t-test; t7 = 8.24, p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.56, 95% CI = [0.2, 0.36]), indicating above-chance recognition memory. b Overall recognition performance (d’) separated by confidence levels. Recognition accuracy increased with subjective confidence levels (one-way repeated-measures ANOVA; F2,14 = 16.66, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.70). c Correlation between estimated and actual temporal positions. Participants showed above-chance accuracy in temporal memory judgments (group-level β = 0.302, p < 0.001, 95% CI = [0.24, 0.36], linear mixed-effects regression, n = 8 independent participants). Each color shaded line indicates a participant. d Individual participant’s temporal memory performance compared to chance level. Density plots compare the standard error of the mean (SEM) of the observed temporal memory error (yellow line) to the null distribution (blue density; estimated by permuting estimated temporal judgments across images within each participant, n = 1000 permutations). Throughout the figure, error bars reflect mean ± s.e.m.; dots or colors denote individual participants (n = 8); ***p < 0.001. Source data are provided as a Source data file.
