Fig. 4: Pattern similarity between the first and second exposure in CA1 and ERC was uniquely important for temporal memory.

a CA1/ERC pattern similarity between high- and low-precision images for each pair of image exposures. CA1 and ERC showed greater pattern similarity for high-precision images relative to low-precision images in E1-E2 (CA1: p = 0.015; ERC: p = 0.007; permutation test, n = 1000) and E2-E2 (CA1: p = 0.025; ERC: p = 0.036; permutation test). b PHC pattern similarity between hits and misses in recognition memory for each pair of image exposures. PHC showed greater pattern similarity for hits relative to misses in E1-E3 (p = 0.002; permutation test, n = 1000). c Relationship between pattern similarity for each pair of image exposures in CA1/ERC and temporal memory precision while accounting for temporal lag information. For both CA1 and ERC, E1-E2 pattern similarity was significantly predictive of temporal memory precision (CA1: β = 1.048, p = 0.014, 95% CI = [0.21, 1.88]; ERC: β = 1.565, p = 0.022, 95% CI = [0.22, 2.91]; logistic mixed-effects regression, n = 8 independent participants). d Relationship between pattern similarity for each pair of image exposures in PHC and recognition confidence while accounting for temporal lag information. Recognition confidence was predicted by E1-E3 pattern similarity in PHC (β = 0.473, p = 0.018, 95% CI = [0.08, 0.86]; linear mixed-effects regression). Error bars reflect mean ± s.e.m.; dots denote independent participants (n = 8); ~p < 0.10; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01. Source data are provided as a Source data file.