Fig. 7: Hybrid actuation and wireless energy transmission enabled by a soft magnetic-mechanical-electrical (MME) robot.
a Design of the soft MME robot. b Magnetically controlled rotation and translation of the soft MME robot. Actuated by a rotating magnetic field and a gradient magnetic field, the soft MME robot performs rotational and translational motions (I) and passes through the maze (II). (III) Along with the motion/deformation, the soft MME robot can generate energy in three modes (Mode 1: low-frequency electromagnetic power generation to light up the red LED; Mode 2: high-frequency electromagnetic power generation to light up the red LED; Mode 3: triboelectric power generation to light up the green LED). c Comparison of power generation capabilities in the three modes (voltage V, current A, power P). d Wireless energy transmission with an electromagnetic generator (EMG). e–g Electrical output performance of the EMG; (e) output voltage under different working frequencies (5–88 Hz), (f) output voltage with different magnetic field strengths (5–190 mT), (g) output energy within 1 s at different frequencies and magnetic field strengths. h Wireless energy transmission by the radio frequency (RF). i Electrical output performance (output voltage and output power) of RF under different working distances (DRF) (range: 5–65 mm). j Schematic illustration of the working principle of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). k Output energy within 1 s with different frequencies and strengths of the magnetic field.
