Fig. 5: Selective optogenetic stimulation of the 9+ and 9− PC subpopulations drives distinct kinematics.
From: Purkinje cell microzones mediate distinct kinematics of a single movement
A Schematic image of the recording settings. The left flocculus is optogenetically stimulated (blue shading indicates stimulation time) while simultaneously recording the ipsilateral eye position in X and Y coordinates. The green arrows indicate the direction of the eye movement during optogenetic stimulation of all PCs in Pcp2Cre;Ai27 animals. The horizontal eye movement (naso-temporal, in degrees) is shown as a positive deflection. The vertical eye movement (downward) is shown as a negative deflection. B Means of horizontal (top) and vertical (bottom) eye movement traces for Pcp2Cre;Ai27 (green), Kcng4Cre;Ai27 (blue), and CaMKIIαCre/T29;Ai27 (yellow) mice. Optogenetic stimulation durations are 200, 500 or 1000 ms, indicated by blue shading. C Velocity profiles of mean magnitude eye movement response during 1000-ms optogenetic stimulation. The velocity profile shows a peak after LED onset and LED offset. The heatmap shows the statistical divergence in velocity at each time point using the t-score from the unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. Velocity is statistically significant when the t-score surpassed t > 2.043 for Pcp2Cre;Ai27 / Kcng4Cre;Ai27 (df = 30), and t > 2.064 for Pcp2Cre;Ai27 / CaMKIIαCre/T29;Ai27 (two-tailed t-value), indicated by the asterisks. Dotted lines indicate movement phases based on peak velocity. D Representation of the four phases (1) drive, (2) hold, (3) release, and (4) recovery obtained from the velocity traces, displaying the absolute magnitude of the movement for optogenetic stimulation of 1000 ms. Blue shading indicates the time period of optogenetic stimulation. E Maximum amplitude of the eye movement response reached at the end of optogenetic stimulation for all optogenetic stimulation durations. F Initial peak velocity of the magnitude eye movement response occurring shortly after LED onset. G Absolute mean velocity in the four phases of the eye movement. H Distance traveled by the eye during the four phases of the induced eye movement. ***: p < 0.001, **: p < 0.01; *: p < 0.05 05 based on two-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons (see Supplementary Table 1). n = 14 Kcng4Cre;Ai27 mice, 15 Pcp2Cre;Ai27 mice and 8 CaMKIIαCre/T29;Ai27 mice. All data are presented as mean values ± SEM except (G), which is presented as box plots where the median is shown as the line, boxes extend from 25th to 75th percentile and whiskers extend to min and max values.
