Fig. 1: Metabolite profiles of rhizosphere soil in diseased and healthy plants.

a Rhizosphere metabolites profiles. Metabolites were grouped according to their chemical properties and plotted as stacked column charts; b The flow plot showed the relative abundances of individual metabolites in diseased and healthy samples. Each line represented one metabolite, and the vertical axis indicates the relative abundance of all identified 216 rhizosphere metabolites. The most abundant metabolite plotted at the top of the diagram. Metabolites significantly enriched in healthy samples by GLM analysis were highlighted in green. Significantly enriched metabolites in diseased samples are marked in red, and others were gray; c The top 30 marker metabolites were identified by applying random forest classification. The marker metabolites are ranked in descending order of importance concerning the model’s accuracy. The inset represents ten-fold cross-validation error as a function of the number of input metabolites used to differentiate diseased and healthy in order of variable importance; d Heatmap revealed differential abundance of metabolites in healthy and diseased Samples. A total of 19 metabolites were counted, with 11 rhizosphere metabolites abundances were higher in the rhizosphere of healthy tomato plants, and eight rhizosphere metabolites abundances were higher in the rhizosphere of diseased tomato plants.