Table 3 Characteristics at completion of maintenance therapy at 2-years in (i) participants who had sustained stabilization of beta-cell function and (ii) those who did not

At 2-years

Total physical activity:

7.5 (1.5)

7.5 (1.6)

0.86

    Sport index

2.4 (0.8)

2.4 (0.9)

0.98

    Leisure time index

2.7 (0.6)

2.6 (0.7)

0.51

    Work index

2.5 (0.7)

2.5 (0.7)

0.75

Body mass index (kg/m²)

33.6 (8.3)

32.3 (6.9)

0.42

Waist circumference (cm)

105.9 (12.2)

104.8 (16.2)

0.72

ALT (IU/l)

31 (18)

25 (14)

0.10

Creatinine (μmol/l)

75 (15)

75 (17)

0.84

Glycemia:

    Fasting glucose (mmol/l)

7.1 (1.2)

6.6 (1.4)

0.08

    2 h glucose (mmol/l)

14.1 (4.1)

12.2 (3.5)

0.03

    A1c (%)

6.5 (0.7)

6.3 (0.6)

0.13

Insulin sensitivity/resistance:

    Matsuda index

1.5 (1.2–2.3)

2.4 (1.8–3.1)

0.0008

    HOMA-IR

6.1 (4.1–8.9)

3.8 (2.7–4.7)

0.00004

Beta-cell function:

    ISSI-2

150 (113–205)

189 (145–312)

0.02

    Insulinogenic index/HOMA-IR

1.0 (0.7–1.5)

1.8 (1.1–3.4)

0.0006

    ΔCpeptide_0-120/Δgluc_0-120 × Matsuda index

634 (330–923)

1174 (583–1933)

0.002

    ΔISR_0-120/Δgluc_0-120 × Matsuda index

2.0 (1.1–2.8)

3.3 (1.9–7.2)

0.01

Change from 3-weeks to 2-years

∆ in body mass index (kg/m²)

−0.1 (1.5)

−1.2 (1.8)

0.004

∆ in waist circumference (cm)

0.9 (6.1)

−2.1 (5.7)

0.03

∆ in ALT (IU/l)

2 (14)

−5 (11)

0.01

∆ in creatinine (μmol/l)

0 (9)

−1 (8)

0.79

Glycemia:

    ∆ in plasma glucose (mmol/l)

1.1 (1.2)

0.4 (1.3)

0.017

    ∆ in 2 h glucose

0.6 (2.7)

−1.2 (3.5)

0.008

    ∆ in A1c (%)

0.4 (0.5)

0 (0.5)

0.0001

Insulin sensitivity/resistance:

    ∆ in Matsuda index

−1.1 (1.6)

−0.4 (1.7)

0.06

    ∆ in HOMA-IR

3.1 (3.9)

0.1 (3.9)

0.0008

Beta-cell function:

    ∆ in ISSI-2

−74 (73)

9 (116)

0.0004

    ∆ in Insulinogenic index/HOMA-IR

−1.1 (1.5)

0.5 (2.0)

0.00009

    ∆ in ΔCpeptide_0-120/Δgluc_0-120 × Matsuda

−497 (718)

−370 (4097)

0.85

    ∆ in ΔISR_0-120/Δgluc_0-120 × Matsuda index

−2.0 (2.3)

−0.5 (9.6)

0.14