Fig. 2: Modelling overview.
From: The reaction-diffusion basis of animated patterns in eukaryotic flagella
a Cross section of an element of the flagellar axoneme, with 9 + 2 structure of microtubules cross-linked by passive nexin and radial spokes (red) and active dynein molecular motors (blue/green generating principal (P)/reverse (B) bends). b Two-dimensional projection of the axoneme into the plane of bending onto two filaments (+/−) at fixed separation a. Distribution of dynein represented as single motors attaching/detaching with rates π±/ϵ±, generating oppositely directed shear displacement Δ via forces F±. c When coupled in series via bending elasticity local oscillations of shearable elements induce emergence of flagellar waves characterised by tangent angle θ(s) in arclength s.
