Fig. 1: Schematic representation of metal-mediated DNA strand displacement reactions (SDRs) induced by base-pair switching of 5-hydroxyuracil (UOH) nucleobases.

Base-pair switching between hydrogen-bonded UOH–A pairs and metal-mediated unnatural UOH–GdIII–UOH pairs can induce SDRs in response to GdIII ions. UOH nucleotides in the DNA strands are highlighted in navy blue. Other possible coordinating ligands on the GdIII ions, such as water molecules and neighboring nucleobases, are not shown for simplicity30.