Fig. 4: Sexual size dimorphism and ecdysis development of the praying mantis.
From: Evolutionary genomics of camouflage innovation in the orchid mantis
A Comparison of body size between male and female adults. B Lifetime average number of molts in both sexes showing sexual distinction in molting development of the praying mantises. The red and cyan colors represent females and males, respectively. The data graphed for Bger (B. germanica), Choo (Clitarchus hookeri), Lmig (Locusta migratoria), and Bmor (Bombyx mori) are from the literature68,69,70,71. C KEGG pathway enrichment of differentially expressed genes with FDR-corrected p value < 0.05 and |log2-fold-change | > 1 between male and female orchid mantises. The size of the circle indicates the number of genes. The red and blue colors indicate low and high Benjamini-Hochberg corrected p values, respectively. D Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showing the correlations of the genes involved in the Hippo signaling pathway and insect hormone biosynthesis with sex. E Crosstalk between ecdysone synthesis and the Hippo signaling pathway induces sexual size dimorphism in mantis. The red font represents the upregulated genes in females.
