Fig. 6: DRIFTS and DFT calculations of CO2 reduction.

a In situ DRIFTS spectra for detecting the reaction intermediates during CO2 reduction over CuNi SAs/UiO-66(Hf) under deep UV irradiation. b The density of states for Cu-Ni SAs/UiO-66(Hf), Cu SAs/UiO-66(Hf), and UiO-66(Hf). c Free energy profiles of CO2 to CH3OH. The a.u. stands for arbitrary units. Source data are provided as a Source data file.