Fig. 1: Anti-pitting ability assessments of Ni substrates in ClE and BrE.

a CPCs of Ni substrates tested in ClE and BrE at a scan rate of 10 mV s−1. b, c Comparison of Eb, Epit, and Tafel slopepit values obtained from CPCs. d, e Bode-phase plots of Ni foil at different potentials in ClE and BrE, respectively. f Corresponding equivalent resistances (Rp1 and Rp2) and potentials of Ni foil at different potentials in two electrolytes, where Rp1 and Rp2 are the polarization resistances at different frequency regions. The individual equivalent circuit models for different potentials are embedded in the diagram.