Table 3 HCl-AHPO-HPLC data for individual melanin marker concentrations (ng/mg) in fossil soft tissues and host sediments

From: Taphonomic experiments reveal authentic molecular signals for fossil melanins and verify preservation of phaeomelanin in fossils

 

Eumelanin markers

Phaeomelanin markers

Fossil

PTCA

PDCA

PTeCA

PTeCA: PTCA

TTCA

TDCA

TTCA: TDCA

Sinornithosaurus

IVPP V 12811

3.71

± 1.08

0.79

± 0.04

5.78

± 1.88

1.54

± 0.06

3.13

± 0

1.13

± 0

2.77

± 0

Sediment IVPP V 12811

1.05

0.52

2.26

2.15

<0.3

<0.2

1.5

Confuciusornis

IVPP V 13171

5.72

± 1.54

1.02

± 0.15

10.02

± 2.78

1.75

± 0.01

4.59

± 0

1.47

± 0

3.12

± 0

Confuciusornis CKGM F 6433

1.51

0.29

2.59

1.72

0.73

0.25

2.92

Sediment CKGM F 6433

0.70

0.16

1.14

1.63

0.11

0.2

0.55

Pelophylax pueyoi

(adult) MNCN 63773

18.6

4.61

20.0

1.08

1.62

3.29

0.49

Pelophylax pueyoi (adult) MNCN 63678

23.75

± 3.05

4.43

± 0.51

26.15

± 6.58

1.09

± 0.13

4.99

± 1.29

Pelophylax pueyoi (adult) MNCN 63694

7.51

2.31

12.0

1.6

<0.5

2.79

0.18

Pelophylax pueyoi (tadpole) CKGM F 6434

155

30.1

169

1.09

45.4

42.1

1.08

Sediment CKGM F 6434

4.84

5.42

13.4

2.77

11.4

5.29

2.16

  1. PTCA pyrrole-2,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, PDCA pyrrole-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, PTeCA pyrrole-2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid, TTCA thiazole-2,4,5-tricarboxylic acid, TDCA thiazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.