Fig. 3: Characterizations of printing and printed ionotronic sensors. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Characterizations of printing and printed ionotronic sensors.

From: Polyelectrolyte elastomer-based ionotronic sensors with multi-mode sensing capabilities via multi-material 3D printing

Fig. 3

a Storage modulus and loss modulus of PEE and DE vary with time. b The variations of gelation time and energy density with layer thickness for PEE and DE. The error bars represent standard deviations. c Microscopic image of a PEE and DE grid pattern. The width of the grid is 100 μm and the length of the square is 500 μm. d 180° peeling curves for 3D-printed (red) and manually assembled (blue) PEE/DE bilayers. Schematics showing (e) the cohesive rupture of printed PEE/DE bilayer, and (f) the adhesive rupture of assembled PEE/DE bilayer. g Variation of ΔC/C0 with time for PEE-based sensor and LiE-based sensor. Schematics illustrating (h) the prohibition of ion leakage in PEE-based sensor, and (i) the ion leakage in LiE-based sensor.

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