Fig. 4: Linear trend of rapid intensification (RI) events with climate indices and/or global sea surface temperature (SST) trend reduced.
From: Recent increases in tropical cyclone rapid intensification events in global offshore regions

Effects of a Niño3 index, b Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index, c global SST trend, and d both PDO and global SST are linearly reduced from the trend of the annual count of RI events. RI is defined as an intensification of at least 45 kt/24 h. The x-axis is the distance to land from 0–200 km to 2000–2200 km, with a 200-km interval. The blue lines and shadings show linear temporal trends and a 95% confidence level of the trends, respectively. The orange lines show linear fits of the temporal trends as a function of distance to land.