Table 1 Synthesis of 4-acetaminophen (paracetamol) from nitrophenol and ethyl acetate: Catalytic activities and selectivities

From: Streamlining the synthesis of amides using Nickel-based nanocatalysts

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Entry

Catalyst

Metal loadinga (wt %)

Conversion (%)

Yield (%)

3

4

1

Ni-L1@Carbon-800

4.76

>99

97

<1

2

Ni-L1@SiO2-800

4.68

>99

33

65

3

Ni-L1@g-Al2O3-800

4.85

>99

48

50

4

Ni-L1@TiO2-800

4.78

>99

13

85

5

Fe-L1@TiO2-800

4.83

17

4

12

6

Co-L1@TiO2−800

4.62

>99

45

53

7

Ni-L2@TiO2-800

4.81

>99

21

77

8

Ni-L3@TiO2-800

4.65

>99

19

79

9

Ni@TiO2-800

4.66

<1

<1

<1

10

Ni(NO3)2·6H2O@TiO2

4.80

<1

<1

<1

11

Ni(NO3)2·6H2O + L1

4.80

<1

<1

<1

12

Ni-L1@TiO2−1000

4.81

30

14

15

13

Ni-L1@TiO2-600

4.79

>99

21

76

14

Ni-L1@TiO2−400

4.83

63

46

16

15b

Ni-L1@TiO2-800

4.78

>99

10

88

16c

Ni-L1@TiO2-800

4.78

>99

<1

52

17d

Ni3S2

 

<1

<1

<1

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  1. Reaction conditions: 0.5 mmol 4-nitrophenol, 1 mL ethyl acetate, 60 mg catalyst (10 mol% Ni), 20 bar H2, 130 °C, 24 h. Yields were determined by GC using n-hexadecane as the standard.
  2. aMetal loading is determined by ICP-OES analysis.
  3. bReaction conditions: 0.5 mmol 4-nitrophenol, 1 mL ethyl acetate, 0.5 mL H2O, 60 mg catalyst, 20 bar CO, 130 °C, 24 h.
  4. cReaction conditions: 0.5 mmol 4-nitrophenol, 0.3 mL formic acid, 1 mL ethyl acetate, 60 mg catalyst, 20 bar N2, 130 °C, 24 h.
  5. d0.5 mmol 4-nitrophenol, 1 mL ethyl acetate, 4 mg Ni3S2 (10 mol% Ni), 20 bar H2, 130 °C, 24 h.