Fig. 4: National methane emissions from the (a) oil-gas and (b) coal sectors estimated by inversion of TROPOMI observations and compared to the UNFCCC reports. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: National methane emissions from the (a) oil-gas and (b) coal sectors estimated by inversion of TROPOMI observations and compared to the UNFCCC reports.

From: National quantifications of methane emissions from fuel exploitation using high resolution inversions of satellite observations

Fig. 4: National methane emissions from the (a) oil-gas and (b) coal sectors estimated by inversion of TROPOMI observations and compared to the UNFCCC reports.

The TROPOMI observations are for May 2018 – February 2020, and the UNFCCC reports are for 2019 (Annex I countries) or most recent (other countries), as compiled by the GFEI v2 inventory of Scarpelli et al.5. Iraq has not reported to the UNFCCC since 2000 and its emission is estimated in GFEI v2 using IPCC emission factors. The top 20 emitting countries are shown here; data for the 93 countries with total fuel emissions larger than 1 Gg a-1 are in Supplementary Table 4. Vertical bars indicate the 95% confidence levels from the inversion ensemble. The circles represent the methane intensity from oil-gas production (a), defined as the total oil-gas emission per unit of gas produced (assuming 90% methane content for gas)4, and the coal emission factor (b), defined following IPCC29 as the total coal emission per unit coal produced. The empty rectangles denote the 95% confidence levels of oil-gas emission intensities and coal-based emission factors. Note break in left ordinate axis of bottom panel, as Chinese coal emissions are much higher than for any other country.

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