Fig. 4: The UMA for information modulation with time-varying wave properties. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: The UMA for information modulation with time-varying wave properties.

From: A universal metasurface antenna to manipulate all fundamental characteristics of electromagnetic waves

Fig. 4

a One-to-one mapping relationship among the transmitted digital information stream, the radiated information-carried waveforms in the free space (2ASK, BPSK and 16QAM), and the applied dynamic STC matrixes for communications at the m = +1 harmonic frequency. The required dynamic STC matrixes for generating modulated waveform at the fundamental frequency are presented in Supplementary Fig. S5b. b The UMA is used to directly generate the information-carried EM waveforms in free space. c, d The measured decoded constellation diagrams and eye diagrams at the receiver end for communications at the m = +1 (c) and m = 0 (d) frequencies, respectively. CW continuous wave, Mod modulated, Ant. antenna, VSA vector signal analyzer, EVM error vector magnitude.

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