Fig. 2: Irrigation compensates for the reduced growth of plants on ridges.

a Aerial view of 7-week-old soybean plants in the 2018 field. F and R denote flats and ridges, respectively. Left half, irrigated area. Right half, rainfed area. b Representative soybean plants from flats and ridges with and without irrigation. Bar, 10 cm. c Biological yield (total dry weight of seed, stem, and pod sheaths) per plant grown on flats and ridges (n = 48 biologically independent replicates). ***P < 0.001, two-tailed paired samples t-test; ns, no significant difference. Error bars denote SD.