Fig. 3: Synthesis and characterization of CeO2@HNTs.

a Schematic illustration of CHDV Pickering emulsion. b TEM images of CeO2 and CeO2@HNTs, scale bars, 100 nm. c TEM image and elemental mapping of CeO2@HNTs, scale bars, 200 nm. d XRD patterns, e Ce 3d XPS spectra, and f TGA cruces of HNTs, CeO2, and CeO2@HNTs. g–i Enzyme-like activity tests of HNTs, CeO2, and CeO2@HNTs, the amounts of materials were normalized by Ce content (100 µg mL−1). g •O2- elimination rate by SOD-like activity, h oxygen generation from H2O2 catalyzed by CAT-like activity, and i EPR spectra of the •OH scavenging ability of materials using DMPO as a spin trap agent. Error bars are presented as means ± SD, n = 3 independent repeats. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. NS means no significant difference. The experiments for (b, c) were repeated three times independently with similar results. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.