Fig. 1: SYPL1 is enriched in the cytoplasmic droplet.

a Immunofluorescence and corresponding schematic illustration showing the expression of HK1 in mouse step 9–16 spermatids. Scale bar, 30 μm. b A schematic diagram of mouse sperm bearing a CD. c A schematic illustration of SYPL1 protein domain architecture. Note the four transmembrane regions (orange)21. d Western blot of SYPL1 expression in multiple mouse tissues. β-Actin serves as a loading control. e Co-localization of SYPL1 and HK1 in WT mouse testes. White arrows indicate CDs. Open dotted white lines indicate the border between round spermatids and elongated spermatids. Open dotted yellow lines indicate the border of the seminiferous tubule. St, stage; scale bar, 30μm. f Immunofluorescence showing SYPL1 expression in the CD of mouse cauda epididymal sperm. The white arrow indicates SYPL1-positive signal in the CD region. Scale bar, 20 μm. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.