Fig. 1: Principle of combined FBG/FPI sensor for simultaneous temperature and pressure monitoring in the cell. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Principle of combined FBG/FPI sensor for simultaneous temperature and pressure monitoring in the cell.

From: Operando monitoring of thermal runaway in commercial lithium-ion cells via advanced lab-on-fiber technologies

Fig. 1: Principle of combined FBG/FPI sensor for simultaneous temperature and pressure monitoring in the cell.

a The position of sensor in the battery. b The cascade structure of FBG-FPI sensor. c the incident broadband light spectrum. d–f The FBG configuration (left: cross section, right: side view), sensing principle (the periodic refractive index modulation of FBG reflects a narrow resonance) and its spectrum (narrow Bragg wavelength \({\lambda }_{B}\)), respectively. g–i the FPI configuration33 (left: cross section, right: side view), sensing principle (the open cavity interferes the light in between two surfaces M1 and M2) and its spectrum (several relatively broadband resonances), respectively.

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