Fig. 5: DFT simulation findings of Ru0.5Ir0.5O2.

a Atomistic structure and Edft of the Ru0.5Ir0.5O2 (−331.4 eV). Atomistic structures of C-IrO2 (b) and C-RuO2 (c) (blue, Ru; gray, Ir; red, O). d Schematic illustration of OER mechanism on the Ru0.5Ir0.5O2 (blue, Ru; gray, Ir; red, O; white, H). e The reaction paths on Ru0.5Ir0.5O2 catalyst with the set potential of 0 and 1.23 V. The overpotential (ƞ) is labeled for viewing convenience.